AB Transport, Inc.

AB Transport, Inc. Intermodal division provides highly-efficient, door-to-door Intermodal services throughout North America. Our customers benefit from the tremendous flexibility, equipment availability and economic advantages of our Intermodal services. Every day, we leverage our contracts with the major North American railroads to meet our customers’ requirements. Our Intermodal division coordinates all aspects of the Intermodal move while providing the shipper or receiver with one point of contact and an ease of doing business comparable to that of a single truckload shipment. We handle railroad-owned or private trailers and containers, including 45', 48', and 53' trailers and 48' and 53' containers.

Our goal is to provide our customers with the best service and value for their transportation dollar using the proven benefits of Intermodal and the competitive edge delivered by our Intermodal division's capacity, speed and service reliability.

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Intermodal Freight Transport

Intermodal transport involves more than one mode of transport. For example, passenger stations which provide transfers between buses and trains are described as Intermodal. For our purposes here, Intermodal is the transportation of freight in a container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation (rail, ocean vessel and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes. The advantage of utilizing this method is that it reduces cargo handling and so improves security, reduces damages and loss and allows freight to be transported faster.

History

Pallets made their first major appearance during World War II, when the United States military assembled freight on pallets, allowing fast transfer between warehouses, trucks, trains, ships and aircraft. Because no freight handling was required, fewer personnel were required and loading times were decreased. Truck trailers were first carried by railway before World War II, an arrangement often called "piggyback", by the small Class I railroad, the Chicago Great Western in 1936. The Canadian Pacific Railway was a pioneer in piggyback transport, becoming the first major North American railway to introduce the service in 1952. While rudimentary freight containers, then known as lift vans, were used in the United States as early as 1911, it was not until the 1950s that containers started to revolutionize freight transportation. One pioneering railway was the White Pass and Yukon Route, who acquired the world's first container ship, the Clifford J. Rogers, built in 1955, and introduced containers to its railway in 1956.

Starting in the 1960s the use of containers increased steadily. Standards for containers were issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) between 1968 and 1970, ensuring interchangeability between different modes of transportation worldwide. The containers became known as ISO containers for this reason. An example of such a major Intermodal project was the $740,000,000 Port of Oakland Intermodal rail facility begun in the late 1980s.  In the United States of America, rail Intermodal traffic tripled between 1980 and 2002 according to the Association of American Railroads (AAR), from 3.1 million trailers and containers to 9.3 million.

Double-Stacked Container Transport

Since 1984, a mechanism for Intermodal shipping known as double-stack rail transport has become increasingly common. Rising to the rate of nearly 70% of United States Intermodal shipments, it transports more than one million containers per year. The double-stack rail car's unique design also significantly reduced damage in transit, and provided greater cargo security by cradling the lower containers so their doors cannot be opened. And a succession of large, new domestic container sizes was introduced to further enhance shipping productivity for customers. As early as the 1970s, doublestack designs and equipment were introduced, but the cars were heavy and uneconomical to operate.

Equipment

Containers, also known as Intermodal containers or as ISO containers because the dimensions have been defined by the ISO, are the main type of equipment used in Intermodal transport, particularly when one of the modes of transportation is by ship.

Containers are 8’ (2438 mm) wide by 8’ (2438 mm) high. Since introduction, there have been moves to adopt other heights, such as 8’ 6” (2591 mm), 9’ 6” (2896 mm) and 10’ 6” (3200 mm). The most common lengths are 20’ (6096 mm) nominal or 19’ - 10½” (6058 mm) actual, 40’ (12192 mm), 48’ (14630 mm) and 53’ (16154 mm), although other lengths exist.

They are made out of steel and can be stacked on top of each other (a popular term for a two-high stack is "double stack"). On ships they are typically stacked up to seven units high. They can be carried by truck, rail, container ship or airplane. When carried by rail, containers can be loaded on flatcars or in container well cars. In Europe, stricter railway height restrictions (smaller loading gauge and structure gauge) prohibit containers from being stacked two high, and containers are hauled one high either on standard flatcars or other railroad cars. Some variations on the standard container exist.

Open-topped versions covered by a fabric curtain are used to transport larger loads. A container called a tanktainer, consisting of a tank fitted inside a standard container frame, allows liquids to be carried.  Refrigerated containers are used for perishables. There is also the swap body, which is typically used for road and rail transport, as they are built too lightly to be stacked. They have folding legs under their frame so that they can be moved between trucks without using a crane.

Truck trailers are often used for freight that is transported primarily by road and rail. Typically, regular semi-trailers can be used, and do not need to be specially designed. When traveling by rail, semi-trailers are transported on railway flatcars, an arrangement called "piggyback." In North America, containers are often shipped by rail in container well cars. These cars resemble flatcars but the newer ones have a container-sized depression, or well, in the middle (between the bogies or "trucks") of the car. This depression allows for sufficient clearance to allow two containers to be loaded in the car in a "double stack" arrangement.  The newer container cars also are specifically built as a small articulated "unit", most commonly in components of three or five, whereby two components are connected by a single bogie as opposed to two bogies, one on each car.

A newer method of transporting trailers, the roadrailer, has been developed by RoadRailer Corporation, which is owned by the Norfolk Southern Railway. When the trailers are transported on rail, railway wheel assemblies are placed between the trailers, in effect turning the trailers into one large articulated railway car. This method is faster than carrying trailers on flatcars and requires no extra railway cars, but the trailers need to be specially designed (strengthened).

Container ships

Container ships are used to transport containers by sea. These vessels are custom-built to hold containers. Some vessels can hold thousands of containers. Their capacity is often measured in TEU or FEU. These initials stand for "twenty feet equivalent unit," and "forty feet equivalent unit," respectively. For example, a vessel that can hold 1,000 40-foot containers or 2,000 20-foot containers can be said to have a capacity of 1,000 FEU or 2,000 TEU. In the year 2005, the largest container ships in regular operation are registered to carry in excess of 8,000 TEUs.